Cervical Cancer Screening
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筛查是为了及早发现和治疗健康问题. 筛查测试是针对那些没有症状,但可能处于高风险的人 for certain health issues.
Screening Tests
有助发现子宫颈癌的筛检测试包括:
- 巴氏涂片检查——取宫颈内和宫颈周围的细胞样本进行检测. 检查样本是否有异常生长或癌症.
- 人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)检测——同样的细胞样本可以用来检测HPV感染.
- 盆腔检查——检查阴道、子宫颈、子宫、输卵管和卵巢. This is done by hand.
Screening Guidelines
不同医疗团体的筛查指南各不相同. Screening also 这取决于一个人的健康状况. 一般来说,对于没有宫颈 上皮内瘤变(CIN) 2或更高,它们是:
- Begin PAP tests at age 21 to 25 years.
- Have a Pap AND HPV test 25至65岁妇女每5年一次. 如果需要,他们可以继续每3年做一次巴氏试验.
- 对于65岁及以上的妇女-如果检查有,停止进行巴氏涂片和HPV检查 过去十年都很正常.
有以下情况的人可以更频繁地接受巴氏试验:
- Abnormal results
- 由于健康状况(如流感)导致的免疫系统虚弱 HIV) or medicine
- Exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) while in the womb
- History of cervical dysplasia or cervical cancer
References
- Cervical cancer. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at: http://www.dynamed.com/condition/cervical-cancer.
- Cervical cancer screening. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at: http://www.dynamed.com/prevention/cervical-cancer-screening.
- 子宫颈癌普查(PDQ). National Cancer Institute website. Available at: http://www.cancer.gov /类型/颈/耐心/ cervical-screening-pdq.
- 预防和早期发现指南 cervical cancer. 美国癌症协会网站. Available at: http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cervical-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/cervical-cancer-screening-guidelines.html.
- Hu, Z. and Ma, D. 的精准防治 hpv相关子宫颈癌:新概念和临床意义. Cancer Medicine, 2018; 7 (10): 5217-5236.